In China，the prevalence of hyperuricemia （HUA） is over 13% （males as high as 18.5%），and shows the trend of increasing year by year. Hyperuricemia mainly affects the kidney，leading directly to acute/chronic uric acid nephropathy or uric acid stone，and manifests chronic kidney disease （CKD） characterized by chronic interstitial nephritis and renal fibrosis caused by uric acid. CKD is a progressive disease in which the structure and function of kidney are impaired，which has seriously affected human health and living quality. This article reviews the effect of hyperuricemia on the kidney，the correlation between uric acid and CKD，the pathogenesis and the therapeutic strategy.