Acute radiation syndrome （ARS） is a systemic disease caused by exposure to large doses of ionizing radiation in a short period of time. It can be divided into bone marrow type （1~10 Gy），intestinal type （10~50 Gy） and brain type （>50 Gy）. ARS is mainly manifested as hematopoietic system inhibition and immune function impairment. This article introduces the research progress of drugs for the prevention and treatment of acute radiation syndrome with the main functions of restoring the hematopoietic system，enhancing immune function and improving complications.