Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with abnormally high blood glucose as the main clinical manifestation. The absence or relative insufficiency of insulin is the main mechanism of diabetes mellitus. Currently，the mainstream treatment methods are to increase the body’s glucose use and enhance insulin sensitivity and insulin volume to control blood glucose.Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor is a new oral drug for the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Currently，as a second-line adjuvant in the clinical treatment of diabetes，it is different from the hypoglycemic mechanism of traditional insulin and has attracted attention.With the application of clinical treatment，the clinical researchers found SGLT2 inhibitor not only in the treatment of type 2 diabetes show strong hypoglycemic effect，at the same time，in patients with diabetes with or without cardiovascular，critical organs such as liver and kidney damage also have additional protection，SGLT2 inhibitor organ protection mechanism is not clear，however，is associated with a significant side effects，with the deepening of research，the function and mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitor is further found. This paper mainly summarized the role of SGLT2 inhibitor in lowering blood glucose，improving cardiocerebrovascular disease，kidney injury protection，anti-tumor and other aspects，as well as the potential organ protection mechanism.