<strong>The Correlation of General Anesthetic and Memory</strong>

Abstract

Abstract:General anesthetics are a class of drugs that have the ability to induce loss of consciousness and feeling, muscle relaxation and memory blockade, by reversibly inhibiting the central nervous system. Anesthetics target different receptors and brain regions to modify the various forms of memory. There are some patients with amnesia or even postoperative cognitive dysfunction. The effects of general anesthesia on memory seem to be related to the types of memory, age of the experimental subjects, the species and doses of the drug, and the types of the surgery. The underlying cellular substrates include γ-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor, excitatory amino acid and synaptic plasticity.

Key words:general anesthetic,memory,ostoperative cognitive dysfunction,synaptic plasticity,&,gamma,-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor,excitatory amino acid

CLC Number:

R964

WU Miao-miao, LI Wei, DONG Xiao-hua, ZHANG Dan-shen.The Correlation of General Anesthetic and Memory[J]. Acta Neuropharmacologica, 2013, 3(6): 48-56.

References

[1] William Beecher Scoville, Brenda Milner. Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions [J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1957, 20(1): 11-21.

[2] Misha Perouansky. How we recall (or don’t): the hippocampal memory machine and anesthetic amnesia [J]. Can J Anesth, 2011, 58(2): 157-166.

[3] Nancy L Rempel-Clower, Stuart M Zola, Larry R Squire, et al. Three cases of enduring memory impairment after bilateral damage limited to the hippocampal formation [J]. J Neurosci, 1996, 16(16): 5233-5255 .

[4] Sander M Daselaar, Serge A Rombouts, Dick J Veltman, et al. Parahippocampal activation during successful recognition on of words: a self-paced event-related fMRI study [J]. Neuroimage, 2001, 13(6 Pt 1): 1113-1120.

[5] R A Poldrack, J Clark, E J Pare-Blagoev, et al. Interactive memory systems in the human brain [J]. Nature, 2001, 414(6863): 546-550.

[6] Cherie L Marvel, John E Desmond. Functional topography of the cerebellum in verbal working memory [J]. Neuropsychol Rev, 2010, 20(3): 271-279.

[7] Antoine Bechara, Daniel Tranel, Hanna Damasio, et al. Double dissociation of conditioning and declarative knowledge relative to the amygdala and hippocampus in humans [J]. Science, 1995, 269(5227): 1115-1118.

[8] Andrew M Poulos, Veronica Li, Sarah S Sterlace, et al. Persistence of fear memory across time requires the basolateral amygdala complex[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2009, 106(28): 11737-11741.

[9] Kjesten A Wiig, Leon N Cooper, Mark F Bear. Temporally graded retrograde amnesia following separate and combined lesions of the perirhinal cortex and fornix in the rat [J]. Learn Mem, 1996, 3(4): 313-325.

[10] Larry R Squire, Peter J Bayley. The neuroscience of remote memory [J]. Curr Opin Neurobiol, 2007, 17(2): 185-196.

[11] Joseph R Manns, Ramona O Hopkins, Larry R Squire. Semantic memory and the human hippocampus [J]. Neuron, 2003, 38(1): 127-133.

[12] R C Cork, J F Heaton, C E Campbell, et al. Is there implicit memory after propofol sedation[J]. Br J Anaesth, 1996, 76(4):492-498．

[13] Zuo Zhi-yi. Are volatile anesthetics neuroprotective or neurotoxic? [J] Medical Gas Research, 2012, 2(1):10.

[14] Michael T Alkire, Robin Gruver, Jason Miller, et al. Neuroimaging analysis of an anesthetic gas that blocks human emotional memory [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008, 105(5): 1722-1727.

[15] Arti Parwani, Martin A Weiler, Teresa A Blaxton, et al. The effects of a sub anesthetic dose of ketamine on verbal memory in normal volunteers [J]. Psychopharmacology, 2005, 183(3): 265-274.

[16] 伍佳莉. 全麻药物与认知功能的关系 [J].泸州医学院, 2009, 32(3): 318-320.

[17] Eric J Heyer, Kevin S Lee, Heather E Manspeizer, et a1. Heparin-bonded cardiopulmonary bypass circuits reduce cognitive dysfunction [J]. J Cardiothorac vasc Anesth, 2002, 16(1): 37-42.

[18] Munir Boodhwani, Fraser D Rubens, Denise Wozny, et a1. Predictors of early neurocognitive deficits in low-risk patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery [J]. Circulation, 2006, 114(1 Suppl): 461.

[19] Judith A Hudetz, Zafar Iqbal, Sweeta D Gandhi, et al. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older patients with a history of alcohol abuse [J]. Anesthesiology, 2007, 106(3): 423-430．

[20] Shigeru Saito. Studies on postoperative neurological complications, particularly cognitive dysfunction [J]. J Anesth, 2013, 27(5): 647-649.

[21] Deborah J Culley, Mark G Baxter, Rustam Yukhananov, et al. Long-term impairment of acquisition of a spatial memory task following isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia in rats[J]. Anesthesiology, 2004, 100(2): 309-314．

[22] Deborah J Culley, Mark G Baxter, Catherine A Croshy, et al. Impaired acquisition of spatial memory 2 weeks after isoflurane and isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia in aged rats[J]. Anesth Analg, 2004, 99(5): 1393-1397．

[23] Terri G Monk, B Cralg Weldon, Cyndi W Garvan, et al. Predietors of cognitive dysfunction after major noneardiac surgery [J]. Anesthesiology, 2008, 108(l):18-23.

[24] Xu Tao, Bo Lu-long, Wang Jia-feng, et al. Risk factors for early postoperative cognitive dysfunction after non-coronary bypass surgery in Chinese population[J]. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2013, 8(1):204

[25] Anders Fredriksson, Emma Pontn, Torsten Gordh, et al. Neonatal exposure to a combination of N-methy-l D-aspartate and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor nesthetic agents potentiates apoptotic neurodegeneration and persistent behavioral deficits[J]. Anesthesiology, 2007, 107(3):427-436.

[26] S V Muller, N Krause, M Schmidt, et al. Cognitive dysfunction after abdominal surgery in elderly patients [J]. Z Gerontol Geriatr, 2004, 37(6): 475-485.

[27] Tomoko Goto, Kengo Maekawa. Cerebral dysfunction after coronary artery by pass surgery [J], J Anesth, 2013, Doi:10.1007/s00540-013-1699-0.

[28] Todd A Lee, Benjamin Wolozin, Kevin B Weiss, et al. Assessment of the emergence of Alzheimer’s disease following coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [J]. J Alzheimers Dis, 2006, 7(4): 319.

[29] F Salazar, M Donate, T Boget, et al. Intraoperative warming and post-operative cognitive dysfunction after total knee replacement [J]. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 2011, 55(2): 216-622

[30] B S Chortkoff, C T Gonsowski, H L Bennett, et al. Subanesthetic concentrations of desflurane and propofol suppress recall of emotionally charged information [J]. Anesth Analg, 1995, 81(4): 728-736.

[31] Michael T Alkire, Lukasz A Gorski. Relative amnesic potency of five inhalational anesthetics follows the Meyer-Overton rule [J]. Anesthesiology, 2004, 101(2): 417-429.

[32] Jan Höcker, Claudia Stapelfeldt, Jorn Leiendecker, et al. Postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after xenon versus propofol anesthesia for major noncardiac surgery: a double-blinded randomized controlled pilot study [J]. Anesthesiology, 2009, 110(5): 1068-1076.

[33] L S Rasmussen, W Schmehl, J Jakobsson. Comparison of xenon with propofol for supplementary general anaesthesia for knee replacement: a randomized study [J]. Br J Anaesth, 2006, 97(2):154-159.

[34] 于学超, 王延国, 高鲁渤, 等. 七氟烷或丙泊酚麻醉对老年肺癌患者术后认知功能的影响[J]. 天津医科大学学报, 2012, 18(1): 102-104.

[35] 许德奖, 杨威, 张国栋. 丙泊酚与气体麻醉对老年患者术后认知功能障碍的影响:Meta分析[J]. 年方医科大学学报, 2012, 32(11): 1623-1628.

[36] Jones J, Aggarwal S. Monitoring the depth of anesthesia. In: Ghoneim MM, editor. Awareness During Anesthesia. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2001:69-91.

[37] G K Istaphanous, J Howard, X Nan, et al. Comparison of the neuroapoptotic properties of equipotent anesthetic concentrations of desflurane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane in neonatal mice[J]. Anesthesiology, 2011, 114(3): 578-587.

[38]左蕾, 李琪英, 刘丹彦. 不同浓度七氟醚对老年人大鼠认知功能的影响[J]. 重庆医科大学, 2013, 38(3): 239-243.

[39] K Miller, A J Asbury, G D Murray, et al. Pre-existing cognitive impairment as a factor influencing outcome after cardiac surgery [J]. Br J Anaesth, 2001, 86(1): 63-67.

[40] F E Harrison, A H Hosseini, S M Dawes, et al. Aseorbic acid attenuates scopolamine-induced spatial learning deficits in the water maze [J]. Behav Brain Res, 2009, 205(2): 550-558.

[41] 张捷, 吴新民. 咪达唑仑对东莨菪碱致大鼠认知功能障碍的影响[J]. 中华麻醉学杂志, 2007, 27( 2): 160-163．

[42] 杭燕南, 李兴, 闻大翔. 术后认知功能障碍研究进展[C]. 中华医学会全国麻醉学术年会, 2008, 289-293.

[43] I Nimatoudis, S Spyridi, S Kaprinis, et a1．Stroop color word test performance in first episode and chronic psychotic patients [J]. Eur Psychiat, 2007, 22(s1): 128.

[44] J Steinmetz, K S Funder, B T Dahl, et al. Depth of anaesthesia and post-operative cognitive dysfunction [J]. Acta Anaesthesiol Seand, 2010, 54(2): 162-168.

[45] A M Sauer, C Kalkman, Dijk D van. Postoperative cognitive decline [J]. J Anesth, 2009, 23(2): 256-259.

[46] Gregory L Bryson, Anna Wyand. Evidenee-based clinical update: general anesthesia and the risk of delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction [J]. Can J Anaesth, 2006, 53(7): 669-677.

[47] L S Rasmussen, T Johnson, H M Kuipers, et al. Does anaesthesia cause postoperative cognitive dysfunetion? A randomized study of regional versus general anaesthesia in 438 elderly Patients [J]. Aeta Anaesthesiol Scand, 2003, 47(3): 260-266.

[48] Hestad K, Kveberg B, Engedal K. Low blood pressure is a better predictor of cognitive deficits than the apolipoprotein e4 allele in the oldest old[J]. Acta Neurol Scand, 2005, 111(5): 323-328．

[49] J T Moller, P Cluitmans, L S Rasmussen, et al．Long-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly: ISPOCD1 study [J]. Lancet, 1998, 351(9106): 857-861．

[50] Yong Son. Molecular mechanisms of general anesthesia [J]. Korean J Anesthesiol, 2010, 59(1): 3-8.

[51] Junko Ishizeki, Koichi Nishikawa, Kazuhiro Kubo, et al. Amnestic concentrations of sevoflurane inhibit synaptic plasticity of hippocampal CA1 neurons through γ-aminobutyric acid-mediated mechanisms[J]. Anesthesiology, 2008, 108: 447-456.

[52] Stephan Kratzer, Corinna Mattusch, Eberhard Kochs, et al. Xenon attenuates hippocampal long-term potentiation by diminishing synaptic and extrasynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor currents[J]. Anesthesiology. 2012, 116(3): 673-682

[53] 郭东勇, 谭涛, 田心, 等. 侧脑室注射氯胺酮降低成年SD大鼠海马区突触可塑性[J]. 天津医科大学学报, 2012, 18(2): 189-191.

[54] 冯春生, 王金, 岳云, 等. 氯胺酮对大鼠海马脑片突触长时程增强效应的影响[J]. 吉林大学学报(医学版), 2008, 34(5): 746-751.

[55] Kristen A Ballesteros, Angela Sikorski, James E Orfila, et al. Effects of inhaled anesthetic isoflurane on long-term potentiation of CA3 pyramidal cell afferents in vivo[J]. Int J Gen Med, 2012, 5: 935-942.

[56] H J Feng, Y Jounaidi, M Haburcak, et al. Etomidate Produces Similar Allosteric Modulation in α1β3δ and α1β3γ2L GABAA Receptors [J]. Br J Pharmacol, 2013, 6. doi: 10.1111/bph.12507.

[57] N P Franks, W R Lieb. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of general anaesthesia [J]. Nature, 1994, 367(6464): 607-614.

[58] Li Guo-dong, David C Chiara, J B Cohen, et al. Neurosteroids allosterically modulate binding of the anesthetic etomidate to γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors [J]. J Biol Chem, 2009, 284(18): 11771-11775.

[59] Dian-Shi Wang, Beverley A Orser. Inhibition of learning and memory by general anesthetics [J]. J Can Anesth, 2011, 58(2): 167-177.

[60] Paul S Garcia, Scott E Kolesky, Andrew Jenkins. General anesthetic actions on GABAA receptors[J]. Curr Neuropharmacol, 2010, 8(1): 2-9.

[61] Robert P Bonin, Beverley A Orser. GABAA receptor subtypes underlying general anesthesia [J]. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 2008, 90(1): 105-112.

[62] Loren J Martin, Gabriel H Oh, Beveriey A Orser. Etomidate targets α5 γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors to regulate synaptic plasticity and memory blockade [J]. Anesthesiology 2009, 111(5): 1025-1035.

[63] Solt K, S A Forman. Correlating the clinical actions and molecular mechanisms of general anesthetics [J]. Curr Opin Anaesthesio, 2007, 20(4): 300-306.

[64] S J Mihic, Q Ye, M J Wick, et al. Sites of alcohol and volatile anaesthetic action on GABAA and glycine receptors [J]. Nature, 1997, 389(6649): 385-389.

[65] Vinuta Rau, Irene Oh, Mark Liao, et al. Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor 3 subunit forebrain-specific knockout mice are resistant to the amnestic effect of isoflurane [J]. September, 2011, 113(3): 500-504.

[66] Shuiping Dai, Misha Perouansky, Robert A Pearce. Isoflurane enhances both fast and slow synaptic inhibition in the hippocampus at amnestic concentrations [J]. Anesthesiology, 2012, 116(4): 816-823.

[67] Loren J Martin, Agnieszka A Zurek , John F MacDonald, et al. Alpha 5 GABAA receptor activity sets the threshold for long-term potentiation and constrains hippocampus-dependent memory [J]. J Neurosci, 2010, 30(15): 5269-5282.

[68] Martin LJ, Oh GH, Orser BA. Etomidate targets α5 γ-amino-butyric acid subtype A receptors to regulate synaptic plasticity and memory blockade [J]. Anesthesiology, 2009, 111(5): 1025-1035.

[69] Shuiping Dai, Misha Perouansky, Robert A Pearce. Amnestic concentrations of etomidate modulate GABAA, slow synaptic inhibition in hippocampus [J]. Anesthesiology, 2009, 111(4): 766–773.

[70] B J Saab, A J Maclean, M Kanisek, et al. Short-term memory impairment after isoflurane in mice is prevented by the α5 γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor inverse agonist L-655, 708[J].Anesthesiology, 2010, 113(5): 1061-1071.

[71] Agnieszka A Zurek, Erica M Bridgwater, Beverley A Orser. Inhibition of α5 γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors restores recognition memory after general anesthesia[J]. Anesth Analg, 2012, 114(4): 845-855.

[72] Uwe Rudolph, Bernd Antkowiak. Molecular and neuronal substrates for general anaesthetics[J]. Nat Rev Neurosci, 2004, 5(9): 709-720.

[73] N P Franks, R Dickinson, S L de Sousa, et al. How does xenon produce anaesthesia?[J]. Nature, 1998, 396(6709): 324.

[74] V Jevtovic-Todorovic, S M Todorovic, S Mennerick, et al. Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) is an NMDA antagonist, neuroprotectant and neurotoxin[J]. Nat Med, 1998, 4(4): 460-463.

[75] D E Raines, R J Claycomb, M Scheller, et al. Nonhalogenated alkane anesthetics fail to potentiate agonist actions on two ligand-gated ion channels[J]. Anesthesiology, 2001, 95(2): 470-477.

[76] T Kushikata, K Hirota. Ketamine as an NMDA receptor antagonist[J]. Masui, 2013, 62(1):38-43.

[77] Kazunori Semba, Naoto Adachi, Tatsuru Arai. Facilitation of serotonergic activity and amnesia in rats caused by intravenous anesthetics [J]. Anesthesiology, 2005, 102(3): 616-623．

[78] Nicole Caza, Rame Taha, Qi Yan-qin, et al. The effects of surgery and anesthesia on memory and cognition [J]. Prog Brain Res, 2008, 169: 409-422

[79] Mario Cibelli, Antonio R Fidalgo, Niccolo Terrando, et al. Role of interleukin-1 beta in postoperative cognitive dysfunction [J]. Ann Neurol, 2010, 68(3):360-368.

[80] Lin Dao-wei, Zuo Zhi-yi. Isoflurane induces hippocampal cell injury and cognitive impairments in adult rats [J]. Neuropharmacology, 2011, 61(8): 1354-1359

[81] Wang Zhi-ping, Zhang Zhao-hang, Zeng Yin-ming, et al. Protective effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on oxygen-glucose deprivation injury in rat hippocampal slices: the role of mitochondrial K (ATP) channels [J]. Sheng Li Xue Bao, 2006, 58(3): 201-206.

[82] 王树, 张力. 脑缺血及脑缺血再灌注损伤动物模型制备方法及评价[J]. 神经药理学报, 2011, 1(3): 31-40.

[83] Greg Stratmann, Jeffrey W Sall, Laura D May, et al. Isoflurane differentially affects neurogenesis and long-term neurocognitive function in 60-day-old and 7-day-old rats[J]. Anesthesiology, 2009, 110(4) : 834-848．

[84] Zhu Chang-lian, Gao Jian-feng, Niklas Karlsson, et al. Isoflurane anesthesia induced persistent, progressive memory impairment, caused a loss of neural stem cells, and reduced neurogenesis in young, but not adult, rodents [J]. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2010, 30(5): 1017-1030.

[85] 臧宏刚, 朱昭琼. 异氟醚对脑功能的双重影响[J]. 吉林医学, 2012, 33(13): 2830-2832.

[86] 于布为, 薛庆生, 罗艳. 吸入麻醉药物的研究进展[J]. 继续医学教育, 2006, 20(15): 26-36.

[87] 庞秀英, 闵苏, 刘超. 关于静脉全麻药物二异丙酚的争论:损害记忆，抑或保护记忆？[J]. 医学争鸣, 2013, 4(3): 45-48.

The Correlation of General Anesthetic and Memory

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

[1]	LIU Xuan, TENG Jin-liang.The Research of Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction[J]. ACTA NEUROPHARMACOLOGICA, 2020, 10(2): 39-45.
[2]	ZHANG Dan-shen，SU Xiao-mei.Role of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor in Memory Network[J]. Acta Neuropharmacologica, 2019, 9(1): 44-62.
[3]	ZHU Chao，DU Ning-ning，ZHOU Yan-meng，WANG Hao，HOU Xue-qin，ZHANG Fang-fang，TAN Rui，GAO.Increased Blood Pressure Variability Impairs Memory in Rats[J]. Acta Neuropharmacologica, 2018, 8(5): 79-80.
[4]	ZHOU Yu.Selective deletion of dnmts in excitatory neurons impairs recognition memory and synaptic function in hippocampal network of adult mice[J]. Acta Neuropharmacologica, 2018, 8(5): 84-85.
[5]	YU Li-li1，2，XU Li1，WANG Yi-nuo1，XUE Lu-ning1，Gou Ji-wei1，LI Hong-bo1，HOU Xue-qin1，ZHANG Han-ting1.Effects of Osthole on Learning and Memory and the Estrogen Pathway in Ovariectomized Rats[J]. Acta Neuropharmacologica, 2018, 8(4): 7-8.
[6]	LIU Cai-hong，WU Xian，TANG Su-su，HONG Hao*.Involvement of TGR5 in Aβ-Induced Neurotoxicity in Vivo[J]. Acta Neuropharmacologica, 2018, 8(4): 11-12.
[7]	WANG Hao1, ZHANG Fang-fang1, FU Hua-rong1, ZHOU Yan-meng1, LIU Xin1, HOU Xue-qin 1, HU Wei2, Rolf Hansen2, XU Ying3, James O’Donnell3, ZHANG Han-ting1,2.Targeting PDE4 for Alzheimer’s Disease and Alcoholism: An implication in Alcohol-Related Dementia?[J]. Acta Neuropharmacologica, 2018, 8(4): 39-41.
[8]	YANG Wen-zhong1, ZHOU Xue-yan1, MA Tao1,2,3*.Impaired mRNA Translational Capacity is Correlated with Aging-Dependent Memory Deficits and Behavioral Inflexibility[J]. Acta Neuropharmacologica, 2018, 8(4): 50-52.
[9]	WANG Jia-Yue，DUAN Yan-Hong，Wang Xin-He，Zhang Xu-Liang，Xu Mei-Chen, Cao Xiao-Hua *.The Effect of PHA-543613 on Memory Disorders in Presenilin1 and Presenilin2 Conditional Double Knockout Mice[J]. Acta Neuropharmacologica, 2018, 8(4): 52-53.
[10]	WU Xian, LV Yang-ge, TANG Su-Su, HONG Hao.Involvement of TGR5 in Aβ-induced Neurotoxicity in Vivo[J]. Acta Neuropharmacologica, 2018, 8(4): 53-54.
[11]	SUN Yi，TAN Bo，SU Rui-bin.Biased Ligand——Novel Paradigm for Opioid Analgesics[J]. Acta Neuropharmacologica, 2018, 8(2): 1-7.
[12]	LIN Zhi-bin.Pharmacological Progress of Ganoderma on Anti-aging and Anti-Alzheimer’s Disease[J]. Acta Neuropharmacologica, 2018, 8(1): 9-15.
[13]	ZAN Gui-ying，SUN Xiang，LI Qing-lin，LIU Jing-gen.Research Progress of the Role and Underlying Mechanism of Dynorphin/κ Opioid Receptor in the Development of Depression[J]. Acta Neuropharmacologica, 2018, 8(1): 54-64.
[14]	WAN Ye，GUO Chun-yan，LI Yong-min.Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Parkinson’s Disease[J]. Acta Neuropharmacologica, 2017, 7(4): 36-42.
[15]	TIAN You，WANG Xue，AI Jing.Research Progress of Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease[J]. Acta Neuropharmacologica, 2017, 7(4): 53-64.