Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbance encountered in clinical practice，occurring in approximately 15%~30% of hospitalized patients. Hyponatremia carries a poor prognosis，being associated with significant mortality and morbidity. This review aims to be insight into diluted hyponatremia，lay theoretical foundation for the treatment，and provide supports for the discovery of new types of diuretics by sorting out and discussing the pathogenesis and management of diluted hyponatremia in cirrhosis，syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and heart failure.