Acute lung injury is a serious respiratory disease，which has high incidence rate and mortality. Western medicine mainly focuses on targeted supportive treatment，but there is no effective treatment way at present. On the contrary，traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of multi-target，multi-component，low sideeffects，and has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of acute lung injury. At the same time，in recent years，with the in-depth study of traditional Chinese medicine on acute lung injury，achieved ideal results. Therefore，this paper reviews the mechanism of single herbextracts in the prevention and treatment of acute lung injury，in order to provide scientific basis for basic experimental research and clinical application in this field.