Aescin is a kind of triterpenoid saponin compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine sorrel. Aescin sodium has anti-inflammatory，anti-exudation，analgesic，antiviral， regulating energy metabolism，improving vascular tension，etc. It is mostly clinically used in acute lung injury，gastrointestinal protection，improving blood circulation and correcting brain dysfunction，etc. effect. Some domestic studies have found that aescin sodium has a certain protective effect on renal ischemia reperfusion injury （IRI）. The signaling pathway （ROS-AMPKmTOR） regulates mitophagy and reduces oxidative stress，but the specific protective mechanism of aescin sodium on renal IRI still needs to be further explored. Therefore，this article intends to review the protective mechanism of aescin sodium in improving renal IRI.