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26 June 2015, Volume 5 Issue 3 Previous IssueNext Issue

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Effect of Propofol on the Cognitive Function and NMDAR2B Expression of CA1 in the Hippocampus of Aged Rats QIAO Lin, ZHAO Wei, WANG Xin-sheng, XING Zhen 2015, 5 (3): 1-5. Abstract( 2002) PDF(1826KB) ( 1344) Objective：The effect of propofol anesthesia on learning memory and NMDAR2B expression of CA1 in hippocampus were observed and the effect of propofol on postoperative cognitive dysfunction（ POCD） was discussed. Methods：Male SD aged rats were randomly divided into control group and propofol group，with 20 rats in each group. Propofol group was given 50 mg·kg-1 propofol by intraperitoneal injection. The control group was given the same dose of emulsion. The Morris water maze test was performed on 24 h after the end of anesthesia. The expression of NMDAR2B protein and gene transcription of CA1 region were detected by immunofluorescence and FISH. Results：In Morris water maze test：compared with the control group，the latent period was signifi cantly prolonged，and the crossing times of propofol group were signifi cantly decreased. In immunofluorescence detection，the expression of NMDAR2B was significantly decreased in propofol group. In FISH，compared with the control group，the expression of NMDAR2B decreased significantly. Conclusion：Propofol anesthesia can induce a short-term cognitive dysfunction in aged rats，and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of NMDAR2B expression in hippocampus CA1 region. References|Related Articles|Metrics

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Migraine Model Rats Evoked by Nitroglycerin Decrease Autonomic Activity WANG Ke-zhu, SUN Jun-hua, XU pan, CHEN Hong-ying, DAI Zhi, WANG Xiao-ying, LIU Xin-min 2015, 5 (3): 6-11. Abstract( 1979) PDF(1296KB) ( 1396) Objective：Migraine mode of rats was made by subcutaneous injection（s.c）of nitroglycerin and the change of antonomic activity was researched. Methods：The migraine rat model was constructed by subcutaneous injection of nitroglycerin，and autonomic activities in 10，30，60，90 min after s.c nitroglycerin were real-time recorded by open stopping system. Results：Compared with control group，the special behaviors and symptoms，such as head scratching and shaking，increased in the migraine rats，and was most obvious within 30 min. The short movements（10，30 min） of migraine rats were not significantly changed. The movement distance in central area of model rats was significantly decreased，and the movement distance of peripheral area signifi cantly increased compared with control rats. These indicated that the s.c nitroglycerin rats exhibited anxiety symptom. Compared with control group，the movement distance and time of model group were decreased after 60 min，and with the increase in time，movement distance also gradually reduced. Conclusion：The increase of special behaviors and symptoms，such as the scratching head and shaking in migraine rats could be caused by s.c nitroglycerin，and meanwhile the model rats exhibited anxiety and impaired the autonomic activities were impaired. References|Related Articles|Metrics

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Effect of the Petroleum Ether Extract From Amygdalus Mongolica on Blood Lipid Level in Hyperlipidemia Rats ZHENG Qian-nan, HE Xin, SHI Song-li, ZHOU Hong-bin, WU Pei-sai 2015, 5 (3): 12-16. Abstract( 1470) PDF(1169KB) ( 1194) Objective：To study the effect of the petroleum ether extract from Amygdalus mongolica on blood lipid level in hyperlipidemia rats. Methods：Model was established by feeding high-fat diet for five weeks. Experimental animals were divided into six groups：control group，model group，XUE Zhi-kang group（61.7 mg·kg-1）and 1 000，2 000，2 500 mg·kg-1 of the petroleum ether extract from Amygdalus mongolica. Hyperlipidemic indicators were tested after 7 weeks oral administration of petroleum ether extract. Lipid comprehensive index and atherosclerosis index were calculated. Results：Compared with the hyperlipidemic model group，low-dose group of petroleum ether extract group from Amygdalus mongolica could significantly decreased the level of serum TC、LDL-C in the hyperlipidemia rat and TC/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C、atherosclerotic index （P<0.01，P<0.05）. Conclusion：Petroleum ether extract from Amygdalus mongolica could improve blood lipid level，reduced the risk of arteriosclerosis. References|Related Articles|Metrics

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The Correlation Between Inhalation Anesthesia and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction CAO Gao-ya, WANG Xin-sheng 2015, 5 (3): 17-21. Abstract( 1910) PDF(1098KB) ( 1552) Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is recognized as a common surgical procedures complication in older adults especially following the general anesthesia. The first dangerous factor influencing POCD development is aging. Many researches indicated that anesthetic might play an important role during the POCD development. It was reported that type of anesthesia did not affect learning and memory ability，but anesthetic drugs might influence the cognitive function through lots of mechanisms. Isoflurane and sevoflurane，as inhaled anesthesia drugs，have been widely researched. Related studies indicated that effect of inhaled anesthetics on cognitive function was related to the concentration of inhaled anesthesia drug. The high concentrations of inhaled anesthetics drug could decrease the learning and memory function. The low concentrations of inhalation anesthetics drug could ease the beta amylase deposition and promote the learning and memory ability. The mechanism needs further research. References|Related Articles|Metrics

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Advances of Autophagy in Parkinson’s Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease GAO Yang, DUAN Leng-xin 2015, 5 (3): 22-27. Abstract( 2375) PDF(1110KB) ( 1715) Autophagy widely exists in eukaryotic cells and can clear intracellular misfolded protein and damaged or aged organelles through lysosomes pathway. Autophagy is very important for the maintenance of homeostasis and cell metabolism and growth. In recent years，many studies have found that autophagy plays an important role in the development of cancer，cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Excessive or inadequate autophagy are able to produce toxicity lead to misfolded protein production and accumulation，and accelerate the development of the diseases process. Therefore，the study on the autophagy induction，molecular mechanism and the role of autophagy in the process of diseases prevention and control is very important. The main characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases is the abnormal accumulation of misfolded proteins and inclusion bodies. The misfolded proteins which can cause cellular toxicity or oxidative stress in neurons or nerve tissue can lead to the degeneration or death of neurons. Ultimately，the function of patients’ cognition or movement will be damaged. This review discusses our current understanding of the mechanism of autophagy and the relationship between autophagy and Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. References|Related Articles|Metrics

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The Research Progress of Proteomics Used in Parkinson’s Disease HAO Jun-rong，SHEN Li-xia 2015, 5 (3): 28-35. Abstract( 1841) PDF(1127KB) ( 1690) Parkinson’s disease （PD） is an age-related，neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The etiology and pathogenesis are still unknown. Proteomics is used to study the expressions of the proteins in the overall level in different states of disease or under the external factor. It offers the powerful basis for the pathogenesis of PD，discovering the markers for diagnosis of PD searching new spot and reliable drugs. In this paper，we review the progress in application of proteomics in PD animal and cell models，pathogenesis，diagnosis and drug treatment of PD. References|Related Articles|Metrics

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Advances in Parkinson’s Disease-Causing Gene Parkin JIANG Yi-na, CHEN Nai-hong 2015, 5 (3): 36-45. Abstract( 2347) PDF(1218KB) ( 1691) In the global neurodegenerative diseases，the incidence of Parkinson is second only to Alzheimer’s disease. Parkin is one of the gene which associated with Parkinson’s disease. Since the hypothesis that Parkin is associated with the Parkinson’s disease was confirmed by Japannese scholar，the researches about it were developed rapidly. The basic structure，physiological function，the protein substrates and related genes，accompanied their pathogenic mechanisms of Parkin have been reported in numerous literature. This paper describes the structure and protein of Parkin，reviews Parkin and its ubiquitin-protein enzyme system in detail，describes the relationship between Parkin and that the relevant reactants and mitochondria，and proposes ideas for their development prospects. References|Related Articles|Metrics

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Neural Stem Cells, Adult Neurogenesis and Cell Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases WANG Lun-zheng, XIE Wen-juan, TANG Tie-Shan 2015, 5 (3): 46-64. Abstract( 2208) PDF(1519KB) ( 2135) Neurons in adult mammals are terminally differentiated cells，so the nervous system has long been considered lack of regeneration ability. However，since the adult neural stem cells（ NSCs） and neurogenesis have been widely found and identified in many species，especially in mammals，the plasticity of central nervous system（ CNS） and the mechanisms of the neurogenesis quickly become hotspots in neuroscience. Adult neurogenesis is a process that the neural stem cells express specific RNAs and proteins in specific time and space when their homogeneous genomes are regulated by diverse epigenetic factors and microenvironment，and the novel cells experience proliferation，differentiation，migration，integration and ultimately mature into specialized nerve cells. Adult neurogenesis of mammals has been proven in the subventricular zone（ SVZ） of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone（ SGZ） of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. Adult neurogenesis is regulated by a variety of physiological and pathological factors and plays a role in the functions of olfactory bulb，hippocampus and other regions of the brain. The approaches for the treatment of CNS diseases by transplanting the NSCs into the abnormal brains have been widely studied，and the preclinical studies show obvious therapeutic effects. Nevertheless，the molecular mechanisms of neurogenesis are not clear during the whole process，especially the therapeutic mechanisms how the new born cells interact with the immune cells，the molecular nets and the microenvironment of the CNS need to be studied deeply. In addition，there is still a long way to go to solve several key problems such as the source of NSCs，NSCs culture technology in vitro，immunological rejection，cell dosage，transplant location and the optimal therapeutic time window for each kind of disease. In short，the studies on the NSCs and neurogenesis will not only promote the development of neuroscience but also provide new therapeutic regimens for the CNS diseases，and thus，have a broad prospect for cell therapy applications. References|Related Articles|Metrics