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26 April 2016, Volume 6 Issue 2 Previous IssueNext Issue

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Molecular Basis and Mechanism of Swelling-Activated Chloride Current in Satellite Glia Cells of Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion JIAO Xiao-cui, ZHANG Hai-lin 2016, 6 (2): 1-6. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2016.02.001 Abstract( 1540) PDF(1132KB) ( 1402) Objective：To study the molecular basis and the mechanism of volumeactivated chloride currents （VACC） in the satellite glia cells （SGCs） of rat dorsal root ganglion （DRG）. Methods：The VACC was recorded by whole-cell patch clamp technique. Pharmacological tools were used to evaluate the roles of calcium and purinergic receptors in the activation of VACC. siRNA was used to evaluate the role of TMEM16A in the molecular basis of VACC. Results：Hypertonic intracellular solution induced an inward current that was blocked by chloride channel blocker in the SGCs of rat DRG. This current，namely VACC，was reduced significantly when SGCs were transfected with siRNA against TMEM16A. The development of VACC was blocked when the intracellular Ca2+ was chelated with high concentrations of BAPTA or EGTA. VACC was not affected when P2 receptor was blocked. Conclusions：The above results suggest that the SGCs in the rat DRG express VACC. The VACC is activated by the increase of cell volume involving release of intracellular calcium. TMEM16A proteins appear to be a crucial component of the VACC in rat SGCs. References|Related Articles|Metrics

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The Inf luence of Ischemic Preconditioning on Ischemia Reperfusion Neural Function WEI Meng-lin, TIAN Li, WANG Xiao-qin, ZOU Yu-an, XUE Qian 2016, 6 (2): 7-13. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2016.02.002 Abstract( 1371) PDF(3397KB) ( 1257) Objective：To explore the influence of ischemic preconditioning on GFAP，NGF，BDNF in rats infarct area after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Methods：The rats were randomly divided into normal group，sham-operated group，model group，ischemic preconditioning group. Neurological symptom score was evaluated. HE staining of the cells was used to observe the morphology changes in infarct area. Glial bifilarly acidic protein（ GFAP），nerve growth factor （NGF） and brain derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） were observed by immunohistochemical method in infarct area. Results：Compared with model group，neurological symptom score of ischemic preconditioning group was decreased and the result was significant （P<0.05）. GFAP， NGF and BDNF were higher than the model group （P<0.05） at the time of the 22 h，48 h，72 h， 7 d and 14 d after cerebral ischemia. Conclusion：The ischemic preconditioning had protective effects on the pathological morphological changing，it may be associated with promoting the neural stem cells regeneration. References|Related Articles|Metrics

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Establishment of Model of Ulcerative Colitis in Rats and Interventional Effect of Rhubarb Colon-Specific Pellets ZHANG Dan-shen，MEI Yan-fei，SONG Xiao-min，ZHUANG Zhong-bao 2016, 6 (2): 14-19. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2016.02.003 Abstract( 1705) PDF(1271KB) ( 1153) Objective：To prepare the rhubarb colon-specific pellets，and study on the protection of the pellets in ulcerative colitis （UC） rats. Methods：Sodium alginate，pectin and chitosan were used to prepare the pill-core by dropping preparation method. The oxazolone（OXZ） was used to set up UC model. Wistar rats were randomly divided into protection groups（3 dosage groups：200，140，80 mg·kg-1），normal group and model group before the modeling，each group include 6 rats，male and female half. Protection groups were given pellets by gavage 3 days before the modeling for 8 d with rhubarb colon-specific pellets. The rats were executed at d 9 and the colon tissues were harvested through laparotomy. The wet quality of colon tissues was weighed，and the colon injury was observed. The colon wet quality index was calculated and the colon lesions of rats were graded. Results：The colon wet quality index （7.86，6.20，7.29，7.59，6.11，4.65）（ P<0.05） and colon lesions to the naked eye score（ P<0.01） of the 140 mg·kg-1 group have significant difference with model group. The colon tissue pathological damage of the UC rats can be obviously improved with the 140 mg·kg-1 of rhubarb colon-specific pellets. Conclusion：Rhubarb colon-specific pellets have certain protective effect on UC rats. References|Related Articles|Metrics

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Research Progress in the Pathogenesis of Depression HE Hai-ran, XUE Zhan-xia 2016, 6 (2): 20-25. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2016.02.004 Abstract( 2539) PDF(974KB) ( 1876) Depression is one of the most common diseases of affective disorders，emotional and behavioral responses to stress disorder characterized with high prevalence rate，high suicide rate and high rate of suicidal behavior characteristics. It is the result of the interaction of genetics，biochemistry，social psychology and other complex factors. The following is a summary of the causes of depression. References|Related Articles|Metrics

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Allopregnanolone as a New Therapeutic Target for Depression and Anxiety JIANG Xiang-yun, SHANG Chao, LI Lei, SUN Shu-zheng, LI Yun-feng, WANG Heng-lin 2016, 6 (2): 26-30. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2016.02.005 Abstract( 1553) PDF(964KB) ( 1416) Allopregnanolone-the neurosteroid is synthetized from cholesterol via TSPO mediated transfer from outer mitochondrial membrane to inner mitochondrial membrane. Recent study showed reduced level of neurosteroids represented by allopregnanolone were involved in the occurrence and development process of many mental disorders including anxiety and depression. Moreover，exogenous allopregnanolone treatment can significantly improve the anxious and depressive symptoms. The mechanisims underlying the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of allopregnanolone were considered mainly to be associated with its positive activation on GABAA receptor. In addition，allopregnanolone played an important role in regulating functions of HPA axis as well as stimulating neurogenesis. This review described the production process of allopregnanalone，its role in anxiety and depression and its possible mechanisms of treatment effects. References|Related Articles|Metrics

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New Ideas of Astragalus Combined with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease LI Peng-tao, YANG Xiao-nan, HUO Yan-li, ZHANG Hui 2016, 6 (2): 31-36. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2016.02.006 Abstract( 1520) PDF(1003KB) ( 1024) Alzheimer’s disease （AD） is a primary central nervous system degenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and memory impairment. With the aging of the population deepening，serious affection on the quality of life of the elderly AD has been social concern. The current treatment is mainly for drug，but it is only limited to control symptoms and delay the disease. The successful application of cell replacement therapy in clinical makes the research of cell transplantation become a hot spot. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） have the potential of multi-directional differentiation and can be induced to differentiate into neurons in vitro. The use of BMSCs for the treatment of AD has provided new ideas and methods for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Astragalus is one of the traditional Chinese medicine，which commonly used in clinical practice，recent research shows that astragalus is effective for the treatment of AD，and Astragalus can induce BMSCs to differentiate into neurons in vitro，and the treatment of AD by BMSCs induced by Astragalus in vivo has not been reported at home and abroad. In this paper，a systematic review of the research status on the treatment of AD by Astragalus combined with BMSCs，BMSCs treatment of AD and Astragalus treatment of AD will be presented. References|Related Articles|Metrics

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Research Progress of Peony Main Active Monomers on Cerebral Ischemia FENG Xiao-ye，SONG Xiu-yun，CHEN Nai-hong 2016, 6 (2): 37-45. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2016.02.007 Abstract( 1476) PDF(1040KB) ( 1357) Cerebral ischemic stroke which has characteristics of high morbidity，high mortality and high disability，is a kind of common diseases that threaten human health. It’s the precious wealth which is accumulated by ancient Chinese to treat cerebral ischemia with traditional Chinese medicine. The peony belongs to Paeonia L. of Ranunculaceae. The main active parts of peony are the root bark and seeds，especially the root bark. According to the theory of Chinese medicine，the root bark of peony is a kind of efficient drugs in promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. What’s more，modern pharmacological studies find that a variety of peony extract monomers have marked effects on improving cerebral ischemia stroke，which suggest that these monomers may be the potential drugs to treat ischemic cerebrovascular disease. And these peony extract monomers have the value of deep research and clinical application. Therefore，this paper reviewed the research progress of the main active monomers of peony on the effects of anti-cerebral ischemia stroke in recent years. References|Related Articles|Metrics

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Research Progress of the Mechanism of Endogenous Antioxidant Stress in Cerebral Ischemic Preconditioning and Ischemia Reperfusion Injury WANG Huan-huan, XUE Qian, ZOU Yu-an 2016, 6 (2): 46-52. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2016.02.008 Abstract( 2397) PDF(1010KB) ( 1432) Cerebral ischemic preconditioning （CIP） induced by sublethal transient cerebral ischemia could increase the tolerance of the brain tissue to subsequent lethal ischemia by activating the endogenous protective factor or signaling pathways. Establishing such a tolerance involved multiple mechanisms：resistance to apoptosis，antioxidant stress，inhibiting the inflammatory response，adjusting the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter，vascular remodeling，protecting blood brain barrier，maintaining energy metabolism and mitochondrial membrane potential and activating the DNA repair and self-repair etc. However，oxidative stress damaging，free radical chain reacting is the core of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore，a better understanding of the mechanism of cerebral ischemic preconditioning and endogenous antioxidant stress in the ischemia reperfusion injury could provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment of ischemia anoxic encephalopathy. References|Related Articles|Metrics

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Review of P-Glycoprotein on the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier ZHANG Hai-wei，ZHANG Li 2016, 6 (2): 53-64. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1396.2016.02.009 Abstract( 1496) PDF(2119KB) ( 1551) Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier（blood-CSF barrier） is a dynamic physiological structure，which is composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells，astrocytes and pericytes，playing an important role in maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system（CNS）. P-glycoprotein（P-gp） is a common membrane protein in the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier，which is expressed in the brain microvascular endothelial cells，and it limits the toxic substances and a large number of drugs for the treatment of the central nervous system into the brain. Therefore the efflux transport mechanism of P-gp in the blood-CSF barrier is a break though point for the treatment of nervous system disease. This article mainly reviews research progress on the basic structure and trans-port mechanism of P-gp，it’s regulation mechanism in the physiological and pathological conditions and inhibitors，to provide references for drug development and blood-CSF barrier transport mechanism of CNS. References|Related Articles|Metrics